Article 48 — Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law

GDPR, Regulation (EU) 2016/679

What does GDPR Article 48 say?

Short answer, straight from the official text

Any judgment of a court or tribunal and any decision of an administrative authority of a third country requiring a controller or processor to transfer or disclose personal data may only be recognised or enforceable in any manner if based on an international agreement, such as a mutual legal assistance treaty, in force between …

Source: GDPR, Regulation (EU) 2016/679, read 2026-08-14.

Official text

Read from the EU Publications Office for this CELEX number. The wording stands as published; nothing here is rewritten or summarised.

Any judgment of a court or tribunal and any decision of an administrative authority of a third country requiring a controller or processor to transfer or disclose personal data may only be recognised or enforceable in any manner if based on an international agreement, such as a mutual legal assistance treaty, in force between the requesting third country and the Union or a Member State, without prejudice to other grounds for transfer pursuant to this Chapter.

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Other articles in this chapter

• Article 44
• Article 45
• Article 46
• Article 47
• Article 49
• Article 50

The same rule in other acts

These articles carry the same official heading. The wording is not identical; read each text at its own source.

• EUDPR Article 49 — Transfers or disclosures not authorised by Union law

Who does this apply to

The register names five roles. Open a role to see the duties this act places on it, each row with its article and its source.

• Cloud service provider

Does this apply to us?

• Do ai governance rules apply to a cloud provider?
• Do personal data rules apply to a cloud provider?
• Do cross-border data rules apply to a cloud provider?
• Do cybersecurity rules apply to a cloud provider?
• Do health data rules apply to a cloud provider?
• Do online platforms rules apply to a cloud provider?

All roles in the register · All questions by role

The text is quoted from the official source and is not legal advice. A national court reads the language version that binds in its jurisdiction.

Back to the act · EU acts, read down to the national law

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Machine-readable summaries for AI agents: /llms.txt and /llms-full.txt.